← Network
Model Card v2.1
Unsupervised fidelity-based anomaly detection for network traffic.
Version
v2.1
Dataset
Engelen 2021
Friday F1
0.963
Classes ≥93%
14 / 15
Download Markdown Run live demo

VERITY Network Intelligence — Model Card v2.1. VERITY measures whether network traffic behavior is consistent with its calibrated baseline across multiple independent dimensions simultaneously. When behavior deviates, the deviation is the detection.

No attack labels are used for calibration or detection. Labels are used only for benchmark scoring, fold construction, and benign/attack evaluation bookkeeping. No GPU. No internet. Calibrates from benign traffic observation. Every number in this document is reproducible from the deployment package on publicly available datasets.

System overview

VERITY v2.1 ships two operating modes from a single codebase.

The operator selects mode and sensitivity level. Everything else is calibration-emergent from the deployment environment's own benign traffic.

Validation summary

StudyDatasetPurposeResult
Primary benchmarkCICIDS-2017 (Engelen 2021)Per-class detection, 15 classes14/15 ≥ 93% (Detection)
Cross-datasetCSE-CIC-IDS2018 (Distrinet)Generalization without retuningPrecision mode validated; Detection mode artifact pending
Operating curvesCICIDS-2017, 4 daysOperator sensitivity tradeoffFull α ∈ [0.001, 0.10]
Temporal stabilityCICIDS-2017 (60/40 split)Detection under time shiftF1=0.946 Friday
Calibration poisoningCICIDS-2017Resilience to contaminationDetected at 1%, refused
Adversarial evasionCICIDS-2017 TuesdaySpacing/jitter on Patator-class attacksComplementary coverage on tested scenarios
Head ablationCICIDS-2017 FridayPer-dimension importanceCritical dimension identified
Production E2ECICIDS-2017 TuesdayGuard-enabled full chain (Patator)FTP-Patator R=0.995, checksummed
Additional datasetsIoT, Darknet, HIKARI, DoHDomain breadthVaries by domain
Corrected benchmark data

All CICIDS-2017 numbers use the Engelen et al. 2021 corrected release — not the widely circulated UNB TrafficLabelling/ CSVs, which contain mislabeled and unlabeled attack flows. Download corrected files from the live demo.

CICIDS-2017 — Per-class detection (α=0.05)

5-fold cross-validated. Engelen 2021 corrected. Clean threshold protocol (training benign only).

ClassnPrecision ModeDetection ModeImprovement
DoS Hulk158,4681.0001.000
DDoS95,1441.0000.999
Botnet7361.0001.000
Web Brute Force731.0001.000
Web XSS181.0001.000
Heartbleed111.0001.000
DoS Slowhttptest1,7400.9980.998
Infiltration-Portscan71,7670.9930.998+0.005
SSH-Patator2,9610.9880.995+0.007
Infiltration360.9801.000+0.020
Portscan159,0660.9470.952+0.005
DoS GoldenEye7,5670.9360.939+0.003
DoS Slowloris3,8590.9120.984+0.072
FTP-Patator3,9720.6030.995+0.392
SQL Injection130.0670.077+0.010
SummaryPrecisionDetection
Classes ≥ 93% recall11 of 1514 of 15
F1 (Friday)0.9630.951
FPR3.8%6.3%

Detection mode gains three class upgrades (FTP-Patator, Slowloris, Infiltration) at the cost of 2.5% additional FPR.

CICIDS-2017 — Operating curves

Precision mode — Friday (DDoS, Portscan, Botnet)

αPrecisionRecallFPRF1
0.0010.9960.2830.1%0.440
0.0050.9900.4780.4%0.644
0.010.9840.6500.8%0.784
0.020.9730.8361.5%0.902
0.030.9640.9442.3%0.954
0.050.9590.9683.8%0.963
0.070.9450.9765.1%0.960
0.100.9270.9937.1%0.959

Precision mode — Wednesday (DoS variants)

αPrecisionRecallFPRF1
0.0010.9970.6260.1%0.765
0.0050.9910.9050.5%0.946
0.010.9840.9470.9%0.965
0.020.9710.9701.6%0.971
0.030.9580.9762.4%0.967
0.050.9360.9913.8%0.963
0.100.8881.0007.0%0.940

Per-day summary (α=0.05)

DayPrec F1Prec RDet F1Det R
Wednesday (DoS)0.9630.9910.9440.997
Friday (DDoS/Portscan)0.9630.9680.9510.970
Thursday (Infiltration)0.9150.9670.8740.972
Tuesday (Patator)0.4310.6030.4030.995

Tuesday F1 is dominated by the benign/attack ratio (315K benign, 7K attacks). Per-class recall is the operationally meaningful metric.

CSE-CIC-IDS2018 — Cross-dataset (no retuning)

Same engine. Same parameters. No modification for CIC-2018.

FileKey classnPrecision RDetection R
Wed-21DDoS-HOIC248,0691.0001.000
Wed-14SSH-BruteForce94,1971.0001.000
Tue-20DDoS-LOIC-HTTP246,0490.9801.000
Thu-01Inf-NMAP Portscan17,4070.9900.999
Fri-23Web XSS / Brute Force73 / 621.0001.000

Additional datasets (Precision mode)

DatasetDomainBest F1at αKey finding
BCCC-IoTIoT security0.8870.1010 IoT attack classes
DarknetEncrypted traffic0.2950.10Tor R=0.859, VPN R=0.146
HIKARI 2022Bruteforce0.6020.02Bruteforce R=1.000
CIC-DoHEncrypted DNS0.7160.10Malicious R=0.561

Adversarial validation

Calibration poisoning

ContaminationWithout guardWith guard
0%F1=0.948Deploy
1%F1=0.663 (collapse)Refuse — contamination detected
3%F1=0.297Refuse
5%F1=0.164Refuse

Specifications

PropertyPrecision modeDetection mode
Engine size500 KB560 KB
Total deployment~50 MB~70 MB
RAM at runtime~200 MB~250 MB
Per-flow latency~1 ms~4 ms
Throughput~1M flows/sec~250K flows/sec
Calibration timeUnder 30 secondsSeveral minutes
HardwareCPU onlyCPU only
Labels requiredNoneNone
Internet requiredNoNo
Air-gapped deploymentYesYes

Documented limits

LimitationDetail
SQL Injection (n=13)R=0.077. Payload-level attack, below flow metadata resolution.
Detection mode FPR6.3–7.6%. Cost of detecting geometric-anomaly attacks.
Calibration poisoningCatastrophic without guard. Detected and refused with guard.
Adversarial evasionTested on feature jitter and density reduction (Patator class). Low-and-slow and protocol-aware mimicry untested.

Methodology

Dataset acknowledgment

CICIDS-2017: Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity, University of New Brunswick. Sharafaldin, Lashkari & Ghorbani (ICISSP 2018).

Improved CICIDS-2017: Engelen, Rimmer & Joosen (IEEE SPW 2021). Distrinet Research Group, KU Leuven.

CSE-CIC-IDS2018: Communications Security Establishment & Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity, with Distrinet/KU Leuven corrections.

VERITY Network Intelligence v2.1 — Model Card — June 2026 — Credasis AI Inc. — Patent Pending